The+Rise+of+Russia

** Day 1 **
Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization
 * Moscow princes gained political experience from being tax collectors for Mongols
 * become purely agricultural
 * dependent on peasant labor
 * reduce the vigor of cultural and economic life
 * Literacy declined
 * The Russians adopted mongol style and dress and social habits, but most remained christians.
 * economic life was down with trade and the Russians were independant on labor and agriculture

Trace Russian expansion under the Ivans
 * Ivan III succeded the throne by marrying the niece of the last Byzantine emperor.
 * He gave his government a military focus
 * by 1480 he had created a large independent state
 * Ivan III restored the tradition of centralized rule( he added a sense of imperial mission, and claimed supervision of all Orthodox Churches).
 * Russia, asserted Ivan, had succeeded Byzantium as the Third Rome.
 * Ivan IV continued the policy of expansion.
 * He also increased the power of the tsar by killing many of the nobility called boyars and because of that he earned the name of Ivan the Terrible
 * The tsars recruited peasants to migrate to the newly siezed lands particularly in the south.
 * Loyal nobles and bureaucrats received land grants in the territories.
 * The conquests gave Russia increased agricultural regions and labor sources.
 * Slavery existed into the 18th century
 * Important trading connections with Asia
 * Russia became a multicultural state Mughals and Ottomans
 * The large Muslim population was not forced to assimilate to Russian culture= freedom?
 * Ivan III dispatched diplomatic missions to leading Western states
 * under Ivan IV, British merchants established trading contacts
 * Italian artists brought in by the tsars built churches and the Kremlin, creating a distinct style of architecture
 * When Ivan IV died in the 17th century, the time of troubles started
 * The boyars tried to control government, while Sweden and Poland seized territory
 * In 1613, the boyars chose a member of the Romanov family, Michael, as tsar and that's when trouble started

Leader Analysis Sheet
1762-1796 || Title: “ Catherine the Great” ||
 * Name of Leader: Catherine ||
 * Lifespan: born Sophie Auguste Frederike.
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: (1762-1796) ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * She used the Pugachev peasant rebellion as an excuse to extend central government authority.
 * Peter's reforms influenced politics, economics, and cultural change.
 * The bureaucracy and military were reorganized on Western principles.
 * Several decades of weak rule followed Peter's death in 1724.
 * Women had greater freedom and they were able to participate in political events ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Wanted to expand in the plan beginning by Peter the Great.
 * Centralization and strong royal authority were more important to her than Western reform was.
 * Catherine was also a Westernizer and brought Enlightenment ideas to Russia
 * She was German born and her main goal was to take power ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power


 * She gave new power over serfs to the nobles in return for their service in the bureaucracy and military.
 * Catherine continued patronage of Western art and architecture
 * The French Revolution caused her to ban foreign and domestic political writings.
 * Territories, including the Crimea on the Black Sea, were gained in central Asia from the Ottomans.
 * Catherine pushed colonization in Siberia and claimed Alaska.
 * Russian explorers went down the North American coast into northern California.
 * In Europe, Catherine joined Prussia and Austria to partition Poland and end its independence.
 * By the time of her death, Russia had completed an important transformation.
 * Catherine continued patronage of Western art and architecture  ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * The Russian nobility, through state service, maintained a vital position.
 * A minority of great landholders lived in major cities and provided important cultural patronage.
 * New elements from the West had entered and altered Russia's economy and culture.  || Long-Term Effects
 * Over three centuries the tsars created a strong central state ruling over the world’s greatest land empire.
 * New elements from the West had entered and altered Russia's economy and culture.  ||

Leader Analysis Sheet

 * Name of Leader: Peter I tsar of Russia ||
 * Lifespan: Born in 1672 and he died in 1725. || Title: “Peter the Great” ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: 1682 to 1725 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Remaining more of an agricultural state than most leading civilizations.
 * Began a policy of carefully managed contacts with the West.
 * Ivan III dispatched diplomatic missions to leading Western states;
 * When Ivan IV died without an heir early trouble came out.
 * The boyars tried to control government, while Sweden and Poland seized territory.  ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * He was nearly 7 feet tall and very broad. He was massively powerful
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; tabstops: list .5in;">Loud-mouthed, violent, ruthless and impetuous".
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; tabstops: list .5in;">He always wanted to learn and was always active.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; tabstops: list .5in;">Westernization and adopting their life style and political structure into Russia. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Significant Actions & events During Term of Power


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; tabstops: list .5in;">Peter the Great is credited with dragging Russia out of the medieval times to such an extent that by his death in 1725, Russia was considered a leading eastern European state.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; tabstops: list .5in;">His domestic policy allowed him to execute an aggressive foreign policy.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The councils of nobles were eliminated and replaced by advisors under his control.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Provincial governors were appointed from the center
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Elected town councils were under royal authority.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Law codes were systematized and the tax system reformed to increase burdens on the peasantry.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Metallurgical and mining industries were expanded.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Landlords were rewarded for using serfs in manufacturing operations.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The changes ended the need to import for military purposes.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Westernization meant to Peter the encouragement of autocratic rule.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">These changes brought resistance from all classes.  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Short-Term effects:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Peter increased the power of the state through recruitment of bureaucrats from outside the aristocracy and by forming a Western-type military force.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A secret police was created to prevent dissent and watch over the bureaucracy.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Peter’s capital, reflecting the shift of interests, moved to the Baltic city of St. Petersburg.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Nobles had to shave their beards and dress in Western style.  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Long-Term Effects
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">New interest in changing the economy and culture through imitation of Western forms.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Peter attempted to provide increased education in mathematics and technical subjects.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">He succeeded in bringing the elite into the Western cultural zone.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The condition of upper class women improved.  ||

Summary Documents Machiavelli- Italy at that time became the scene of intense political conflict. The city-states of Florence, Milan, Venice, and Naples fought for control of Italy, as did the papacy, France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire. Each of these powers attempted to pursue a strategy of playing the other powers off of one other

Ivan the terrible Ivan the great took over after mongols Influenced by Mongols trade was limited weak navy overtrow of mongol overlords venture capital(money)=state gains=state Peter the great catherine the great they both focused on westernilization strong navy Spain= reconcista over muslims venture capital(money)=private gains=more commercial elizabeth I Isabella (spain) based on agriculture making trading contacts with other people helped with military dependence on labor system origins=overcoming internal invaders
 * Russia:**
 * West:**
 * Similitaries:**
 * Theses Statement**
 * By the end of the 17th century Russia had became a powerful nation, they based their economy in agriculture and their life-style was influenced by the mongols, women's power increased as well, Isabella from Spain and Elizabeth I from England and Catherine the great from the west are good examples of how women had more power and freedom at that time.**

** Serfdom ** MI: by the 17th and 18th century the increased power of the nobility over serfs had increased dramatically. · Land nobles were divided b/w a minority of great magnates, who lived in major cities and smaller landowners whose culture was less westernized · The power of the nobility over serfs increased · Before the Mongol conquest Russian peasants had been free farmers with a legal position superior to that of their medieval western counterparts · Increasing numbers of Russia peasants fell into debt and had to accept servile status to the landowners · Serfdom gave the government a way to satisfy the nobility and regulate peasants · As new territories were added to the empire, the system of serfdom was extended, sometime after period of free farming · By 1800 half of Russia peasantry was enforced to the landlords and the other half was owned by the state · Laws passed during 17-18th century tied serfs to the land and increased the legal rights of landlords · An act in 1649 fixed the hereditary status of serfs so people born to the station could not escape, legally · Estate agriculture and serf labor reflected eastern Europe’s growing economic subordination to the west · Labor was used to produce grain sold to western merchants, in return western Europe brought manufactured goods · Serfs on estates were taxed by their landlords ** Dependence ** MI: Russian trade increased and it was handled mainly by westerns. · Cities were small 95% of the population was rural · Government growth encouraged some nonnoble bureaucrats and professionals · Russia European trade was handled by westerners · The nobility concerned about potential competition · Russia social and economic system produced enough revenue to support the expanding state and empire · Russia was able too trade furs which meant that the export economy was not totally oriented toward the west · Russia population doubled during the 18th century · There was little motivation among the peasantry for improvement because increased production

** Social Unrest ** MI: Russia's social and economic system let to protest from the Pugachev. · Russia’s social and economic system led to protest · Radishev were criticizing the regimes backwardness urging measures as abolition of serfdoms · Russian peasants for the most part were politically loyal to the tsar but they harbored bitter resentments against their landlords · Peasents destroy manorial records, seize land, and sometimes kill landlords · Peasent rebellion occurred from 17h century onwards · The Pugachev rebellion of the 1770s was strongest · He was brought to Moscow in a case and cut into quarters in public square ** Eastern Europe ** MI: · Regions west of Russia continued to form a borderland b/w western European and eastern Europe influences · Balkans under the ottoman control, growing trade with the west sparked some new cultural exchange by the 18th century · Greek merchants picked up enlightenment ideas · Copernicus was an early participant in fundamental discoveries in what became the scientific revolution · Smaller eastern European nationalities lost political autonomy during the modern era · In 1500 Poland, formed in 1386 by a union of the regional kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania was the largest state in eastern Europe aside from Russia · As in Russia urban centers, merchant class were lacking · Poland highlighted Russian emergence on the European as well as the Eurasian stage

HW: ESPIRIT CHART on Spanish colonies in the americas