Muslim

· Collapse of the Seljuk Turkic kingdom of rum in eastern Anatolia after the invasion by the mongols in 1243, opened ways for the ottomans to seize power · Turkic peoples, fleeing the mongols and those in search of easy booty, flooded into the region · One of these people called the ottomans after the early leader named Osman, came to dominate, began to bulid a new empire based on Anatolia · By the 1350s the ottomans had advanced from there strong holdsin asia minor · In the mid 14th century the ottomans had bypassed rather than conquered constanstinople, capital of the byzantine empire · By the 15th century the ottomans had advanced here alliance and warfare with the byzantines · In the spring of 1453 the army of the ottoman sultan. Mehmed II, the conquroer, assaulted the triple ring of land wall · Ottoman troops struck in defenses that had been cut by guns, overwhelmed the defenders · Two centuries after the capture of Constantinople, the armies of a succession of able ottoman rulers extended the empire in to Syria and Egypt · The empire spread throughout the Balkans into hungray, black and red seas · 1683 ottomans armies were able to lay to capture the capital of Austrian habsburg dynasty || · The turk cavalry developed into warrior aristocracy · They were granted control over land and peasent producers · Formt he mid 15centruy, the imperial armies were dominated by infantry divsions made up troops called janissaries, adollesant boys in conquered areas like Balkan, Christian faith · They controlled artillery and forearms-> ottoman success for warfare with Christian and muslim advisories · Served the caliphs of Baghdad · Diverse cultures, artictic production and physical appearance, but the ottomans ancient and comopolitian capital at Constantinople combined elemnts of extensive territory · Constantinople had fallen on hard times in the centuries before the ottoman conuquest · Mehmed II armies had captured and sacked the city , · Coffeehouses played a major role in constantinaople, places were scholars and poets could be  · || · Even the most powerful sultan maintainses his position by playing in warrior elite off · Muslim traders, commerance within the empire was in hands of chrisitan and jewish merchants wha as dhimmis- people of the book were under protection of the ottoman empire · ottman conquest meant effective administration and taz relief for the people · like the abbasid caliphs the ottoman sultans grew more distant from their subjects as the empire increased in size and wealth · ottman rulers followed court rituals based on those earlier, byzantine, Persian ad arab dynasties · vizier was the overall head of the imperial administration, he often held more power than the sultan · sultans took active role in political decision · the death of the sultan lead to warfare among his sons || decline- military positions died out, princes were imprisoned for life, civil strife increased || · Gardens · Artisans · Poets · Literature || · suleymaniye, a spectacular mosque, the mosque was built for suleyman the magnificent · Golden horn, a triangular bay that formed the northern boundary of the city · coffeehouses ||
 * E || · For centuries before the rise of the ottomans, turk=speaking peoples from central asia administrators played key roles in Islamic civilization as soldiers/administrators
 * S || · Military leader splayed a dominant role in the ottoman state and the economy of the empire was geared to warfare and expansion
 * P || · The ottoman rulers were absolute monarchs
 * I || · the ottoman state had been built on war and expansion
 * R || · Christianity and islam  ||
 * I || · Mosques
 * T || · the cathedral of saint Sophia converted into a mosque