The+World+Economy



** Notes on p.350-359 ** ** The West First Outreach maritime Power ** MI: Europeans were not "open minded", they stayed ignorant of the wider world in the early modern period which led to problems such as the fear of the strength of the emerging Ottoman Empire. · Crusades brought knowledge to the Islamic worlds superior economy and good that could be imported to Asia · Europeans had disadvantages in this era, they remain ignorant of the wider world · Europeans had more effort at expansion from 1291, they has problems like fear of strength of emerging ottoman empire and the lack of gold to pay for Asian imports, ** New technology: A key to power ** MI: In the 15th century new technologies emerged such as the deep draft and sailing ships which started to change the world trade network. · Europeans developed deep drafts, round-hulled sailing ships, capable for carrying heavy equipment · Improving the compass, navigation devices were also improved · Explosives, metal working, cannons · With the ability to kill from far away western Europe was ready to push hard ** Portugal and Spain lead the pack ** MI: Important navigators such as Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas and Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Indonesian islands. · Henry the navigator, organized a series of expeditions along the African coast, in 1434 the Portuguese began to press down the African coast · 15th century, Portuguese sailors ventured around **Cape of Good Hope.** · Columbus discovery of American from Spain in 1492 · Vasco da Gama use ships’ guns to intimidate the Europeans, he also killed many Indians. · **Christopher Columbus** wanted sail around the world, but he failed, he reached the Americans instead · **Ferdinand Magellan** set sail westward in 1519 passing southern America, reached the Indonesian islands in 1521 ** Northern European expeditions ** MI: Spain and Portuguese leadership grew. · Dutch and the British improved the design of oceanic vessels= lighter, faster ships · Dutch east India company**-** the Netherlands, Britain and France all chartered great trading companies like that one · These companies were given government monopolies of trade in the regions, they had rights to raise armies and coin money on their own · **British east India company** – had a similar role in parts of India during the 18th century ** Toward a world economy: the Columbian exchange to disease and food ** MI: Tthe spread of the international trade had a bad effect on different societies because it started to spread disease such as small pox. · International contacts spread disease, victims were millions of native Americans exposed to small pox and measles · Lasted about 150 years all around the world · Corn and sweet potatoes were spread · China began to experience long tern population pressure in the 17th century · Food played a huge role in the world, about 30 % of our food today came from the American origin · Animal husbandry became common ** The wests commercial outreach ** MI: International trade gained importance, it helped the growth of new societies. Western Europe had special rights of access, because they basically ran the trade system. · Muslim traders remained active and commerce continued to move toward middle east · European ability to determine framework for international trade · Ottoman empire in the battle of Lepanto in 1571 · Western merchants set up colonies within Constantinople and in Russia ** Imbalances in world trade ** MI: Europe had dominated in world trade; they were the most active competition. · Competition in the world trade emerged I European nations · Western Europe, grains and clothe for silver and sugar · Core nations in the new world system supplemented their growing economic prowess by self-serving political policies · Mercantilism, urged that nation state not imported goods from the outside its own empire but sell exports in its own ships, reflected the new world system ** A system of international inequality ** MI: Most areas of establishment by the 17th century still carry special burdens in world trade today. · Most areas of establishment by the 17th century still carry special burdens in world trade today · African slave traders and princes who taxed the trade might grow rich · European goods, art objects and luxury items · Native Americans and mestizos (European/native American) systems of estate management developed that depended labor **__ In depth: causation and the wests expansions __** 1. I think culture would leave a bigger impact, because with culture new economic and technological ideas come as well. 2. The western explorers were way more independent, they could travel all around the world. but at the same time traveling a lot can have bad effects, such as spreading diseases one essential example is the Black Death which destroyed the economy and social status of many empires causing their fall. Colonists have to stay with their society. 3. Everyone was deffinitaly focused on themselves so i dont think the were aware of the differences.

**__ Early Patterns of Colonization in the Americas and Africa __**

The British and French in North America: Dutch and the British improved the design of oceanic vessels they had now lighter and faster ships
 * Spain and Portugal in the Americas: **
 * Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas and Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Indonesian islands.
 * Henry(navigator), organized different expeditions along the African coast, in 1434 the Portuguese began to press down the African coast
 * 15th century, Portuguese sailors ventured around Cape of Good Hope.
 * Columbus discovery of American from Spain in 1492
 * Vasco da Gama use ships’ guns to intimidate the Europeans + killed many Indians.
 * Christopher Columbus wanted sail around the world, but failed, but reached the Americans instead
 * Ferdinand Magellan set sail westward in 1519 passing southern America,
 * He reached the Indonesian islands in 1521
 * Spain and Portuguese leadership was followed by growing efforts from Britain, France and Holland
 * Spain colonized some west Indian islands, from Hispaniola to Cuba
 * Vasco de balboa, found what is today panama
 * Spanish conquests on Aztecs and Incas
 * Companies were given government monopolies of trade in the regions, they had rights to raise armies and make their own money
 * In Canada the first sensational European settlement were launched by the French government under Louis XIV
 * Birth rates were high and by 1755
 * New France had about 55000 settlers in peasants society
 * Seven years war, Britain attacked the French strongholds as part of a worldwide colonial struggle
 * France lost its colony under the terms of the treaty of Paris in 1763
 * British and French leaders valued their West Indian holdings much more than North America
 * The society that developed in the British colonies was far closer to the west Europeans forms than Latin America
 * European colonies in Asia were exceptional, colonization in Asia entered a new phase as the British and French began to struggle for control of India

Hw: Ssummarize the motivations and methods of colonizastion emplayed by Europeans in the american, africa and asia.

Silver was extremely important during the early modern time, the world economy grew because of it. Silver had a great impact in different societies throughout the world; In Spain people started to build new buildings and the army was getting stronger with new weapons and technologies; in Asia silver was used to buy goods. There were new devices such as navigation tools which allowed the Portugal’s rulers to discover new lands. The beginning of 1434, the Portuguese grew as a powerful nation, they took over the African cost then in 1492 Columbus found the Americas, he tried to go all around the world on his ship but he failed; another important navigator was Ferdinand Magellan, in 1519 he passed through South American and reached the Indonesian islands. Portugal went from the costal Africa to India and China, Netherlands and France. Most of the people believe Magellan was the first one to go around the world, but the first man who actually went around the world was a “slave” called Enrique from Magellan’s crew. Trade grew, and with trade disease came as well, and people started to die. European influence led to the formation of special western enclaves in cities, where western traders won legal rights. European had the ability to determine the framework for international trade. China benefited from the world economy, Chinese’s grains led to a strong export position, which is why Europeans sent a great deal of American silver to China to pay for goods they wanted. The Japanese showed some opens to Christian missions. The world was changing, and every nation’s economy was getting powerful. Birth rates were high and by 1755 New France had about 55000 settlers in peasant’ society.